Caerlaverock Castle

The origins of Caerlaverock Castle date back to 1220, when Sir John Maxwell had a first castle built approximately 200 meters south of the current site. This complex, known as the “First Castle,” was intended to guard the “Gateway to Scotland” and stood in a marshy, tidal area. However, due to the unstable ground, the structure sank and had to be abandoned after about 50 years. Around 1270, the Maxwells began constructing the present castle, the “New Castle,” which is estimated to have been completed around 1277. Located near the English border, the castle played a role in border conflicts. In 1300, it was besieged and conquered by King Edward I of England, but remained in English hands for only 13 years before falling back to the Scots. The castle was again attacked or captured by the English in 1544 and 1570. The hostilities ended with the union of the Scottish and English crowns in 1603. During the Civil War in 1640, the Maxwell clan defended themselves for 13 weeks against Presbyterian besiegers, but eventually had to surrender due to food shortages. The damage incurred during this siege still characterizes the castle's appearance today.

Caerlaverock Castle is a ruin that can be visited. Its triangular layout, the twin-towered gatehouse, and the surrounding moats are preserved.