Citadelle du Château-d'Oléron

The origins of the fortification date back to the 11th century, with a castle belonging to the Dukes of Aquitaine occupying the site in the 12th century. The complex was the scene of numerous conflicts, particularly during the Wars of Religion. Cardinal Richelieu initiated the construction of the current citadel in 1630 to replace an older, dilapidated castle. Under King Louis XIV, the fortress was extensively modernized and expanded from 1685 by the military engineer Vauban. It became a crucial base for coastal defense and served as a training and embarkation point for troops sent to New France.