Tsarevets Fortress (Царевец)

Settlement on Tsarevets Hill dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. Between the 5th and 7th centuries AD, Zikideva, a Byzantine city, was located here. In the 9th century, an Old Bulgarian settlement rapidly developed at this site. Construction of the fortress walls began in the 12th century. After Tarnovo was declared the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185, Tsarevets became the main fortification and residence of the nobility. For over 200 years, the city was a center for politics, economy, and culture. The fortress had three entrances, including the main access in the west, the Small Gate in the northwest, and the Frenkhisar Gate in the southeast, guarded by Baldwin's Tower. This tower is named after the Latin Emperor Baldwin of Flanders, who, according to legend, died here after his capture in 1205. At the center of the fortress was a palace complex with a throne room, palace church, and royal chambers. The restoration of the fortress began in 1930 and was completed to commemorate the founding of the Bulgarian state.

Tsarevets Fortress is located in Veliko Tarnovo, in the district and region of Veliko Tarnovo in Bulgaria. It stands at an elevation of approximately 218 m above sea level.

The path to the main entrance with its grand portal, the walls, and the battle towers, including Baldwin's Tower, are restored. At the highest point of Tsarevets Hill stands the Patriarchal Church, restored in 1981. Below it lie the foundations of the royal palace, as well as numerous residential buildings, churches, and monasteries.