Fort I (Köln)

Fort I, named Fort Hereditary Grand Duke Paul of Mecklenburg from the 1880s, Oberländer Wall 1; built in 1830 and designated as Rheinschanze by the King; converted to Fort I between 1841 and 1847; design: Heinrich Ferdinand Schuberth with modifications by Ernst Ludwig von Aster and Carl Ferdinand Busse; incorporated into the inner rampart between 1882 and 1891; abandoned as a fortress in 1911; garden design by Fritz Encke between 1914 and 1916; used as a canteen for the University of Cologne from 1919 onwards; 1926: erection of the war memorial designed by Otto Scheib and the crowning eagle sculpture by Georg Grasegger; anti-aircraft position on the roof of the redoubt between 1939 and 1945; post-war period: branch office of the Cologne tax office; 1971: partial use by the municipal garden office; today: Youth Center Cologne e. V.; preserved: core work with war memorial structure, altered riverside flank wall, riverside flank ditch and face ditch, riverside caponier, entire grounds in Encke's basic garden structure, albeit without the flower arrangements he designed at the time.