Haminan Linnoitus (Fortress)

The origins of the fortress date back to the destruction of the city of Hamina during the Great Northern War in 1712. Following the Treaty of Nystad, General Axel von Löwen began construction of the fortress in the early 18th century to halt Russian expansion into the Gulf of Finland. Despite these efforts, the unfinished complex fell to Russia after the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743. In the 19th century, General Alexander Suvorov continued its expansion before the fortress was abandoned around 1830.