Town Fortification Speyer-Heidentürmchen

The origins of Speyer's city fortifications date back to the 10th century, when Bishop Reginald had the first Ottonian city wall erected around 948. The system of walls, towers, gates, and moats was continuously expanded and adapted to military requirements, such as reinforcements against crossbows in the 14th century and early firearms in the 15th century. However, a large part of these structures was destroyed in 1689 by order of Louis XIV.